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A furanose (sugar-ring) molecule with carbon atoms labeled using standard notation. The 5′ is upstream; the 3′ is downstream. DNA and RNA are synthesized in the 5′-to-3′ direction. Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid.
4. Standard notation for an equivalence relation. 5. In probability and statistics, may specify the probability distribution of a random variable. For example, (,) means that the distribution of the random variable X is standard normal. [2] 6. Notation for proportionality.
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
For example, 3 5 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 243. The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3, or 3 raised to the 5th power. The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to the 5".
Any real number can be written in the form m × 10 ^ n in many ways: for example, 350 can be written as 3.5 × 10 2 or 35 × 10 1 or 350 × 10 0. In normalized scientific notation (called "standard form" in the United Kingdom), the exponent n is chosen so that the absolute value of m remains at least one but less than ten (1 ≤ | m | < 10).
Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering; Latin letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering; List of logic symbols; Point process notation; Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date
The common vector notations are used when working with spatial vectors or more abstract members of vector spaces, while angle notation (or phasor notation) is a notation used in electronics. Lord Kelvin 's aetheric atom theory (1860s) led Peter Guthrie Tait , in 1885, to publish a topological table of knots with up to ten crossings known as the ...
Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way. For example, the physicist Albert Einstein 's formula E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy ...