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In his view, Catholic Reformation was "centered on the care of souls ..., episcopal residence, the renewal of the clergy, together with the charitable and educational roles of the new religious orders", whereas Counter-Reformation was "founded upon the defence of orthodoxy, the repression of dissent, the reassertion of ecclesiastical authority ...
The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450–1700: A Reassessment of the Counter Reformation (1999) excerpt and text search; Walsh, M., ed. (1991). Butler's Lives of the Saints. New York: HarperSanFrancisco. Dickens, A. G. The Counter Reformation (1979) expresses the older view that it was a movement of reactionary conservatism. Harline, Craig.
Historian Nathan Ron notes that the debate on the enslavement of Amerindians by Bartolomé de las Casas at Valladolid almost 30 years later was to some extent a re-run, both featuring Sepúlveda: "The arguments Sepúlveda raised against las Casas were essentially identical to those raised against Erasmus by Pío and by Diego López Zúñiga, a ...
Augustine is widely regarded as the most influential patristic figure for the Reformation. [2] Martin Luther, an Augustinian friar , rooted his theology of salvation deeply in Augustinian soteriology , [ 3 ] alongside Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531), [ 4 ] and John Calvin (1509–1564). [ 5 ]
The Radical Reformation represented a response to perceived corruption both in the Catholic Church and in the expanding Magisterial Protestant movement led by Martin Luther and many others. Beginning in Germany and Switzerland in the 16th century, the Radical Reformation gave birth to many radical Protestant groups throughout Europe.
Some subjects were given increased prominence to reflect Counter-Reformation emphases. The Repentance of Peter, showing the end of the episode of the Denial of Peter, was not often seen before the Counter-Reformation, when it became popular as an assertion of the sacrament of Confession against Protestant attacks.
"By grace alone" and "through faith alone" are two of the five solae of the Protestant Reformation. Many Protestants affirm these phrases as distinctively Protestant, whereas the Lordship Salvation controversy concerns what grace and faith must include, and what they must exclude, for a person to "have salvation" in the evangelical Protestant sense.
Despite his own criticisms of contemporary Roman Catholicism, Erasmus argued that it needed reformation from within and that Luther had gone too far.He held that all humans possessed free will and that the doctrine of predestination conflicted with the teachings and thrust [1] of the Bible, which continually calls wayward humans to repent.