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In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. [1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world. [2] [3]
In economics, distribution is the way total output, income, or wealth is distributed among individuals or among the factors of production (such as labour, land, and capital). [1] In general theory and in for example the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts , each unit of output corresponds to a unit of income.
A typical Lorenz curve. In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or of wealth.It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of the wealth distribution.
Income distribution has always been a central concern of economic theory and economic policy. Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labour and capital.
Lower middle income 51.3 2018 51.27 2019 Albania: Southern Europe: Upper middle income 29.4 2020 29.42 2020 Andorra: Southern Europe: High income 27.96 2016 United Arab Emirates: Western Asia: High income 26.4 2018 25.97 2019 Argentina: South America: Upper middle income 40.7 2022 37.80 2022 Armenia: Western Asia: Upper middle income
Branko Milanovic provided evidence of increasing inequality at the global level, showing how the group of so-called "global plutocrats", i.e. the richest 1% in the world income distribution, were the main beneficiaries of economic growth in the period 1988–2008. [43]
In addition, monetary factors affect income distribution and economic growth. Income distribution is a nominal variable and economic growth is an actual variable. The concept of currency neutrality may apply in economic-growth research; while studying income distribution, currency factors are important and cannot be ignored.
US federal minimum wage if it had kept pace with productivity. Also, the real minimum wage. Income distribution can be assessed using a variety of income definitions. Adjustments are applied for various reasons, particularly to better reflect the actual economic resources available to a given individual/ho