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A lisp is a speech impairment in which a person misarticulates sibilants (, , , , , , , ). [1] These misarticulations often result in unclear speech in languages with phonemic sibilants. Types
The frontal speech regions of the brain have been shown to participate in speech sound perception. [ 5 ] Broca's Area is today still considered an important language center, playing a central role in processing syntax, grammar, and sentence structure.
OMD refers to the abnormal resting posture of the orofacial musculature, atypical chewing, and swallowing patterns, dental malocclusions, blocked nasal airways, and speech problems. [2] OMD are patterns involving oral and/or orofacial musculature that interferes with normal growth, development, or function of structures, or calls attention to ...
These can be affected by tongue malfunction such as tongue thrust. Accordingly, treatment of tongue thrust is essential for treatment of speech disorders, and oral myology therapy aiming at tongue muscles training is an important part of speech therapy. [3] [non-primary source needed]
The SLP chooses specific therapy tasks and goals based on the speech and language abilities and needs of the individual. [10] In general for individuals with TMoA, treatment should capitalize on their strong auditory comprehension and repetition skills and address the individual's reduced speech output and difficulty initiating and maintaining ...
Interventions are more effective when they occur individually at first, and between three and five times per week. With improvements, children with apraxia may be transitioned into group therapy settings. Therapeutic exercises must focus on planning, sequencing, and coordinating the muscle movements involved in speech production.
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The production of speech is a highly complex motor task that involves approximately 100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles. [2] [3] Precise and expeditious timing of these muscles is essential for the production of temporally complex speech sounds, which are characterized by transitions as short as 10 ms between frequency bands [4] and an average speaking rate of ...