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The cancer stem cell model asserts that within a population of tumour cells, there is only a small subset of cells that are tumourigenic (able to form tumours). These cells are termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), and are marked by the ability to both self-renew and differentiate into non-tumourigenic progeny. The CSC model posits that the ...
Contreras-Zarate MJ et al. developed and characterized novel heterogeneous and clinically relevant human brain metastasis breast cancer PDXs (BM-PDXs) to study mechanisms of brain metastatic colonization, with the added benefit of a slower progression rate that makes them suitable for preclinical testing of drugs in therapeutic settings. [20]
Cancer cells spread by intravasation. CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the CNS. [1] Typically, this progression initiates when tumour cells separate from the primary tumour and insert into the bloodstream or the lymph system via intravasation. [2]
MMTV-PyMT is the model of breast cancer metastasis, in which MMTV-LTR is used to drive the expression of mammary gland specific polyomavirus middle T-antigen, leading to a rapid development of highly metastatic tumors. [45] MMTV-PyMT is the most commonly used model for the study of mammary tumor progression and metastasis.
Common sites of metastasis for breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast ...
[2] [1] This is known as metastasis, responsible for most cancer-related deaths. [3] The detection and analysis of CTCs can assist early patient prognoses and determine appropriate tailored treatments. [4] Currently, there is one FDA-approved method for CTC detection, CellSearch, which is used to diagnose breast, colorectal and prostate cancer. [5]
By promoting these interactions, E-cadherin is able to support cellular motility and aid tumor cells navigate the tissue structures which drives metastasis. [3] [5] Research emphasizes E-cadherin as a major biomarker in metastatic cancers such as breast and colorectal cancers. Low levels of E-cadherin are often linked to poor clinical outcomes ...
The concept of the tumor microenvironment (TME) dates back to 1863 when Rudolf Virchow established a connection between inflammation and cancer. However, it was not until 1889 that Stephen Paget's seed and soil theory introduced the important role of TME in cancer metastasis, highlighting the intricate relationship between tumors and their surrounding microenvironment.