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Medicare may cover bone density tests if a doctor deems them medically necessary. This may be because a person has osteoporosis, estrogen deficiency, or primary hyperparathyroidism, for example.
Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is a medical technique that measures bone mineral density (BMD) using a standard X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner with a calibration standard to convert Hounsfield units (HU) of the CT image to bone mineral density values. [1] Quantitative CT scans are primarily used to evaluate bone mineral density ...
Bone densities are often given to patients as a T score or a Z score. A T score tells the patient what their bone mineral density is in comparison to a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mineral density. A normal T score is -1.0 and above, low bone density is between -1.0 and -2.5, and osteoporosis is -2.5 and lower.
A bone density test may detect osteoporosis or osteopenia. [4] The usual response to either of these indications is consultation with a physician. [4] Bone density tests are not recommended for people without risk factors for weak bones, [5] [4] which is more likely to result in unnecessary treatment rather than discovery of a weakness.
The standard in bone mineral density scanning developed in the 1980s is called Dual X-ray Absorptiometry, known as DXA. The DXA technique uses two different x-ray energy levels to estimate bone density. DXA scans assume a constant relationship between the amounts of lean soft tissue and adipose tissue.
The BMD is corrected for porosity of the bone, estimated by a texture analysis performed on the cortical part of the bone. [2] [3] Like other technologies for estimating the bone mineral density, the outputs are an areal BMD value, a T-score and a Z-score for assessing osteoporosis and the risk of bone fracture. [4]
The trabecular bone score is a measure of bone texture correlated with bone microarchitecture and a marker for the risk of osteoporosis.Introduced in 2008, [1] its main projected use is alongside measures of bone density in better predicting fracture risk in people with metabolic bone problems.
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a non-ionizing technology for osteoporosis diagnosis and for fracture risk assessment. REMS processes the raw, unfiltered ultrasound signals acquired during an echographic scan of the axial sites, femur and spine. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain.