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Spilled kerosene fuel, on the other hand, falls to the ground and if ignited can burn for hours when spilled in large quantities. Kerosene fires unavoidably cause extensive heat damage that requires time-consuming repairs and rebuilding. This is most frequently experienced by test stand crews involved with firings of large, unproven rocket engines.
For rockets and space vehicles, propellants usually take up 2/3 or more of their total mass. Large upper-stage rocket engines generally use a cryogenic fuel like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (LOX) as an oxidizer because of the large specific impulse possible, but must carefully consider a problem called "boil off," or the evaporation of the cryogenic propellant.
RP-1 (Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) and similar fuels like RG-1 and T-1 are highly refined kerosene formulations used as rocket fuel. Liquid-fueled rockets that use RP-1 as fuel are known as kerolox rockets. In their engines, RP-1 is atomized, mixed with liquid oxygen (LOX), and ignited to produce thrust.
In the case of solid rocket motors, the fuel and oxidizer are combined when the motor is cast. Propellant combustion occurs inside the motor casing, which must contain the pressures developed. Solid rockets typically have higher thrust, less specific impulse , shorter burn times, and a higher mass than liquid rockets, and additionally cannot be ...
Engine Origin Designer Vehicle Status Use Propellant Power cycle Specific impulse (s) [a] Thrust (N) [a] Chamber pressure (bar) Mass (kg) Thrust: weight ratio [b] Oxidiser: fuel ratio
OLCO Petroleum Group – 319 stations in Ontario and Quebec; Petro-Canada – 1323 stations and 200 Petro-Pass stations across Canada; some acquired from BP (1983), Petrofina (1981) and Gulf Oil in the 1980s; Pioneer Petroleum – 130 stations in Ontario; 7-Eleven brand gasoline; Shell Canada – Canadian unit of Shell with 1800 stations across ...
Liquid rocket engines have tankage and pipes to store and transfer propellant, an injector system and one or more combustion chambers with associated nozzles.. Typical liquid propellants have densities roughly similar to water, approximately 0.7 to 1.4 g/cm 3 (0.025 to 0.051 lb/cu in).
Multiple fuel Evinrude and Mercury Racing engines also burn kerosene, as well as jet fuel. [52] Today, kerosene is mainly used in fuel for jet engines in several grades. One highly refined form of the fuel is known as RP-1, and is often burned with liquid oxygen as rocket fuel.