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Hydroxyethyl starch (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a volume expander in intravenous therapy. The use of HES on critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of death and kidney problems.
Pentastarch is a subgroup of hydroxyethyl starch, with five hydroxyethyl groups out of each 11 hydroxyls, giving it approximately 50% hydroxyethylation. This compares with tetrastarch at 40% and hetastarch at 70% hydroxyethylation, respectively. It is sold under the name Pentaspan and used for fluid resuscitation.
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood . [3] Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of ...
As the vessels decrease in size, they increase their surface-area-to-volume ratio. This allows surface properties to play a significant role in the function of the vessel. Diffusion occurs through the walls of the vessels due to a concentration gradient, allowing the necessary exchange of ions, molecules, or blood cells.
Applying force to oobleck, by sound waves in this case, makes the non-Newtonian fluid thicken. [21] An inexpensive, non-toxic example of a non-Newtonian fluid is a suspension of starch (e.g., cornstarch/cornflour) in water, sometimes called "oobleck", "ooze", or "magic mud" (1 part of water to 1.5–2 parts of corn starch).
Diageo is down 4% and Pernod Ricard is down nearly 3%, while Molson Coors and Anheuser-Busch InBev are both down 2%. Brown-Forman ( BF-B ) and Constellation Brands ( STZ ) are down around 1% each.
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Margaret C. Whitman joined the board, and sold them when she left, you would have a -69.9 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Susan L. Lindquist joined the board, and sold them when she left, you would have a 5.3 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.