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The steppe bison [Note 1] or steppe wisent (Bison priscus) [2] is an extinct species of bison. It was widely distributed across the mammoth steppe, ranging from Western Europe to eastern Beringia in North America during the Late Pleistocene. [3] It is ancestral to all North American bison, including ultimately modern American bison.
The European bison (pl.: bison) (Bison bonasus) or the European wood bison, also known as the wisent [a] (/ ˈ v iː z ə n t / or / ˈ w iː z ə n t /), the zubr [b] (/ ˈ z uː b ə r /), or sometimes colloquially as the European buffalo, [c] is a European species of bison. It is one of two extant species of bison, alongside the American bison.
Skull at the Royal Tyrell Museum in Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. Bison latifrons is thought to have evolved in North America from Bison priscus (sometimes called the steppe bison) another prehistoric species of bison that migrated across the Bering Land Bridge around 195–135,000 years ago, before dispersing southwards around 130,000 years ago.
The extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) survived across the northern region of central eastern Siberia until 8000 years ago. A study of the frozen mummy of a steppe bison found in northern Yakutia indicated that it was a pasture grazer in a habitat that was becoming dominated by shrub and tundra vegetation. Higher temperature and rainfall led ...
Besides using the meat, fat, and organs for food, plains tribes have traditionally created a wide variety of tools and items from bison. These include arrow points, awls, beads, berry pounders, hide scrapers, hoes, needles from bones, spoons from the horns, bow strings and thread from the sinew, waterproof containers from the bladder, paint brushes from the tail and bones with intact marrow ...
However he also noted that Andy Currant of the Natural History Museum, London believes that fossil represents a huge brown bear rather than a polar bear, as fauna assemblages from other contemporary British sites, also dominated by steppe bison, reindeer and wolves, preserve gigantic brown bears like the Kew Bridge bear.
Bison antiquus is known from fossils found across North America south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (whose southernmost extent is around the modern United States-Canada border), ranging from southern Canada (southern Alberta [8] and Ontario [10]) in the north, and Washingon State [11] and California [12] in the west, southwards to Southern Mexico [9] and eastwards to South Carolina and Florida.
[73] [74] [75] Because ancient bison evolved into living bison, [76] [77] there was no continent-wide extinction of bison at the end of the Pleistocene (although the genus was regionally extirpated in many areas). The survival of bison into the Holocene and recent times is therefore inconsistent with the overkill scenario.