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Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material. [1] This modification is usually made to solid materials, but it is possible to find examples of the modification to the surface of specific ...
Plasma activation (or plasma functionalization) is a method of surface modification employing plasma processing, which improves surface adhesion properties of many materials including metals, glass, ceramics, a broad range of polymers and textiles and even natural materials such as wood and seeds. Plasma functionalization also refers to the ...
A number of heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, are toxic to various forms of life, particularly when dissolved in water as metal ions. [1] Toxic heavy metals are often present in surface water as a result of natural processes, such as the weathering of metal-containing rocks, or due to human activity, such as mining and smelting. [2]
The cationic metal centres act as Lewis acid sites while the anionic oxygen centres act as Lewis bases. Surface hydroxyl groups can serve as Brønsted acid or base sites as they can give up or accept a proton. [14] The surface of most metal oxides will be, to some extent, hydroxylated under normal conditions when water vapor is present. [15]
[1] [2] The scope of the term often differs; some definitions limit the term's use to techniques which study the microscopic structure and properties of materials, [2] while others use the term to refer to any materials analysis process including macroscopic techniques such as mechanical testing, thermal analysis and density calculation. [3]
Electrochemical stripping analysis is a set of analytical chemistry methods based on voltammetry [1] or potentiometry [2] that are used for quantitative determination of ions in solution. [3] Stripping voltammetry (anodic, cathodic and adsorptive) have been employed for analysis of organic molecules as well as metal ions.
The enhancement falls off quickly with distance from the surface and, for noble metal nanoparticles, the resonance occurs at visible wavelengths. [2] Localized surface plasmon resonance creates brilliant colors in metal colloidal solutions. [3] For metals like silver and gold, the oscillation frequency is also affected by the electrons in d ...
Protein patterning – chessboard pattern. Biomaterials are materials that are used in contact with biological systems. Biocompatibility and applicability of surface modification with current uses of metallic, polymeric and ceramic biomaterials allow alteration of properties to enhance performance in a biological environment while retaining bulk properties of the desired device.