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Fixed appliances are able to produce very accurate movement in the teeth [1] [2] Both fixed and removable functional appliances can be used to correct a malocclusion in three planes: Anterior-Posterior, Vertical and Transverse. In the Anterior-Posterior dimension, appliances such as Class II and Class III are used.
Class I: The lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors; Class II: The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors Division 1 – the upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet
The Herbst appliance serves as an effective solution for correcting a class II malocclusion, where the lower jaw is positioned too far back in relation to the upper jaw. To address this misalignment, the Herbst appliance is typically affixed to the last molar on the upper teeth and the first premolar on the lower teeth.
In the Class II Division 2 incisal classification of malocclusion, the lower incisors occlude posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors and the upper central incisors are retroclined. The overjet is usually minimal but it may be increased.
Angle classification: Class II Division 1 Angle classification: Class II Division 2 Angle classification: Class III. Angle's Classification is devised in 1899 by father of Orthodontic, Dr Edward Angle to describe the classes of malocclusion, widely accepted and widely used since it was published.
Class II and III molar and incisor relationships are thought to be forms of malocclusion, however not all of these are severe enough to require orthodontic treatment. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need is a system that attempts to rank malocclusions in terms of significance of various occlusal traits and perceived aesthetic impairment. [ 11 ]
Class 2 and class 3 malocclusion with skeletal abnormalities. Patients with adequate spacing in dentition; Cases of anodontia/oligodontia; Patients with open bite and deep bite; In cases of midline diastema; Class 1 malocclusion with minimal space deficiency; Unerupted malformed teeth e.g. dilacerations; Extensive caries or heavily filled first ...
Orthognathic surgery (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə ɡ ˈ n æ θ ɪ k /), also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot ...