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The galvanic series (or electropotential series) determines the nobility of metals and semi-metals. When two metals are submerged in an electrolyte , while also electrically connected by some external conductor, the less noble (base) will experience galvanic corrosion .
In this case, sacrificial anodes work as part of a galvanic couple, promoting corrosion of the anode, while protecting the cathode metal. In other cases, such as mixed metals in piping (for example, copper, cast iron and other cast metals), galvanic corrosion will contribute to accelerated corrosion of parts of the system.
Corrosion monitoring is the use of a corrator (corrosion meter) or set of methods [1] and equipment to provide offline or online information about corrosion rate expressed in mpy (mill per year). [ 2 ] - for better care and to take or improve preventive measures to combat and protect against corrosion .
A galvanic anode, or sacrificial anode, is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection system used to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion. They are made from a metal alloy with a more "active" voltage (more negative reduction potential / more positive oxidation potential ) than the metal of the structure.
When two metals touch each other and water is present, electrolysis occurs. [2] One well known example is the reaction between zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Zinc atoms will lose electrons in preference to the iron as they are more electropositive and therefore zinc is oxidized and corrodes. Zn(s)→ Zn 2+ (aq) +2e (oxidation)
These zones also act as local galvanic couples, causing local galvanic corrosion. This condition happens when the material is heated to temperatures around 700 °C for too long a time, and often occurs during welding or an improper heat treatment. When zones of such material form due to welding, the resulting corrosion is termed weld decay.
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Selective corrosion on cast iron. Magnification 100x Selective corrosion on cast iron. Magnification 500x. Graphitic corrosion is selective leaching of iron, from grey cast iron, where iron is removed and graphite grains remain intact. Affected surfaces develop a layer of graphite, rust, and metallurgical impurities that may inhibit further ...