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The subthalamus or ventral thalamus is a part of the diencephalon. [1] Its most prominent structure is the subthalamic nucleus . The subthalamus connects to the globus pallidus , a subcortical nucleus of the basal ganglia .
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the brain where it is, from a functional point of view, part of the basal ganglia system. In terms of anatomy, it is the major part of the subthalamus. As suggested by its name, the subthalamic nucleus is located ventral to the thalamus.
The subthalamic nucleus is a diencephalic gray matter portion of the basal ganglia, and the only portion of the ganglia that produces an excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate. The role of the subthalamic nucleus is to stimulate the SNr-GPi complex and it is part of the indirect pathway. The subthalamic nucleus receives inhibitory input from ...
The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to anterior forebrain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland. The diencephalon encloses a cavity called the third ventricle.
Field H 2 (synonymous with lenticular fasciculus) is also made up of projections from the pallidum to the thalamus, but these course the subthalamic nucleus (dorsal). Field H (sometimes called field H 3 ) is a large zone of mixed grey and white matter from the pallidothalamic tracts of the lenticular fasciculus and the ansa lenticularis which ...
When movement adjustment is required, striatal inhibitory GABAergic axons are sent to the GPe, decreasing inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus. The subthalamic nucleus' glutamatergic neurons then stimulate the GPi and substantia nigra pars reticulata. This multisynaptic indirect striatopallidal pathway allows for regulated excitatory input ...
The zona incerta (ZI) is a horizontally elongated small nucleus that separates the larger subthalamic nucleus from the thalamus. [1] Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord.
lateral pulvinar nucleus [27] medial pulvinar nucleus [28] inferior pulvinar nucleus [29] lateral posterior nucleus [30] belongs to pulvinar; lateral dorsal nucleus [31] (a.k.a. dorsal superficial nucleus) ventral nuclear group [32] ventral anterior nucleus [33] ventral lateral nucleus [34] ventral medial [35] (a.k.a. medial part of ventral ...