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Aminoglycosides can exacerbate weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis, and use is therefore avoided in these patients. [26] Aminoglycosides are contraindicated in patients with mitochondrial diseases as they may result in impaired mtDNA translation, which can lead to irreversible hearing loss, tinnitus, cardiac toxicity, and renal toxicity.
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Potent diuretics not only cause ototoxicity themselves, but they can also increase the concentration of amikacin in the serum and tissue, making the ototoxicity even more likely. [9] Quinidine also increases levels of amikacin in the body. [17] The NSAID indomethacin can increase serum aminoglycoside levels in premature infants. [9]
Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')), also known as aminoglycoside kinase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the addition of phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of a 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycoside, such as kanamycin. [2]
Serious side effects include ringing in the ears or loss of hearing, toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug. [11] Ototoxicity is a common quality among aminoglycosides, and its rate of incidence in kanamycin is around 3-10%.
It is not recommended with streptomycin or other medications that may damage the auditory vestibular nerve. [1] It is not recommended during pregnancy as it may cause kidney or hearing problems in the baby. [1] Capreomycin is commonly grouped with the aminoglycoside family of medications. [2] How it works is unclear. [1]
In enzymology, an aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. acetyl-CoA + kanamycin-B CoA + N 6 '-acetylkanamycin-B. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and kanamycin B, whereas its two products are CoA and N6'-acetylkanamycin-B.
In enzymology, an aminoglycoside N3'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.81) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + N 3 '-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic