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Paratyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of three types of Salmonella enterica. [1] Symptoms usually begin 6–30 days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever .
[5] [2] [11] Recently, new advances in large-scale data collection and analysis have allowed researchers to develop better diagnostics, such as detecting changing abundances of small molecules in the blood that may specifically indicate typhoid fever. [12] Diagnostic tools in regions where typhoid is most prevalent are quite limited in their ...
001 Cholera disease; 002 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. 002.0 Typhoid fever; 002.1 Paratyphoid fever A; 002.2 Paratyphoid fever B; 002.3 Paratyphoid fever C; 002.9 Paratyphoid fever unspecified; 003 Other Salmonella infections 003.0 Salmonella gastroenteritis; 004 Shigellosis. 004.9 Shigellosis, unspec. 005 Other poisoning (bacterial) 005.0 ...
Rose spots are bacterial emboli to the skin and occur in approximately 1/3 of cases of typhoid fever. They are one of the classic signs of untreated disease, but can also be seen in other illnesses as well including shigellosis and nontyphoidal salmonellosis. They appear as a rash between the seventh and twelfth day from the onset of symptoms ...
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...
Typhidot is a medical test consisting of a dot ELISA kit [1] that detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of the Salmonella typhi.The typhidot test becomes positive within 2–3 days of infection and separately identifies IgM and IgG antibodies.
The first reported use of bacteriophages to identify bacteria was in 1925 when Sonnenschein used typhoid and paratyphoid phages to diagnose typhoid. [16] In 1934, it was discovered that some strains of Salmonella typhi displayed Vi antigens on the surface. [17]
In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. [1] It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. [2] In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. [3]