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  2. Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_of_Chinese_as_a...

    The TOCFL Speaking test adopts a holistic scoring approach, taking into account the content, fluency, and language skills of the test taker. The results are presented in the form of scale scores. The objective is mainly to assess the competence of the test takers to effectively accomplish the communication tasks verbally in different language ...

  3. File:Chinese (Mandarin).pdf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_(Mandarin).pdf

    English: This is a PDF file of the Mandarin Chinese Wikibook, edited to include only the Introduction, Pronunciation and complete or somewhat complete lessons (Lessons 1-6). Does not include the Appendices, Stroke Order pages, or the Traditional character pages.

  4. Putonghua Proficiency Test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putonghua_Proficiency_Test

    Candidates who pass the test are given a Certificate of Putonghua Proficiency Level at levels 1, 2 or 3, each of which is subdivided into grades A and B: [8] [9] Level 1-A (97% correct) is required for presenters in national and provincial radio and television. [8] Level 1-B (92% correct) is required for Chinese-language teachers in northern ...

  5. Standard Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese

    Standard Chinese (simplified Chinese: 现代标准汉语; traditional Chinese: 現代標準漢語; pinyin: Xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ; lit. 'modern standard Han speech') is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912–1949).

  6. List of varieties of Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_Chinese

    Supergroup (大区 dàqū), of which there are but two: Mandarin and Min; Group (区 qū), corresponding to the varieties of Chinese of the ISO standard; Subgroup (片 piàn), which may be mutually unintelligible with other subgroups [note 3] Cluster (小片 xiǎopiàn), which may be mutually unintelligible with other clusters

  7. List of Chinese classifiers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers

    In the tables, the first two columns contain the Chinese characters representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The next four columns give pronunciations in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin; Cantonese, in Jyutping and Yale, respectively; and Minnan (Taiwan).

  8. Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial...

    [2] [3] The language was a koiné based on Mandarin dialects. The southern variant spoken around Nanjing was prevalent in the late Ming and early Qing eras, but a form based on the Beijing dialect became dominant by the mid-19th century and developed into Standard Chinese in the 20th century. [4]

  9. Traditional Chinese characters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters

    [3] [4] Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters.