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The specifics of treating catatonia itself can vary from region to region, hospital to hospital, and individual to individual, but typically involves the use of benzodiazepines. In fact, in some cases it is unclear whether a person has catatonia or another condition which may present similarly.
Although symptoms of catatonic depression can vary by individual, common signs of catatonia include grimacing (making a facial expression of pain), negativism, posturing, rigidity, and waxy flexibility. [1] Major depressive symptoms are also experienced by a person suffering from catatonic depression. [1]
Waxy flexibility can be usually confirmed through observation. It generally does not require lab testing or imaging, but certain testing such as EEGs, MRIs, or CTs can help to confirm the underlying cause. [15] Waxy flexibility alongside two or more than two other symptoms such as stupor or negativism is enough to warrant a diagnosis of catatonia.
A 29-year-old man’s debilitating night terrors were the first sign of rare autoimmune disorder that rapidly progressed, landing him in the intensive care unit in a “catatonic state.”
Brief psychotic disorder—according to the classifications of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5—is a psychotic condition involving the sudden onset of at least one psychotic symptom (such as disorganized thought/speech, delusions, hallucinations, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior) lasting 1 day to 1 month, often accompanied by emotional turmoil.
Oneiroid syndrome (OS) is a psychiatric condition marked by dream-like disturbances of consciousness. It is characterised by vivid scenic hallucinations, catatonic symptoms (ranging from stupor to agitation), delusions, and kaleidoscopic psychopathological experiences.
When catatonic features are prominent, it is diagnosed as excited catatonia and when absent or subtle, it is identified as Bell's mania. [12] Alternatively, the presence of delirium is recognized as the discerning factor. A difference between the two is that catatonia is viewed from a movement aspect, whereas delirium from consciousness. [7]
Nowhere near as often as we do. Humans tend to blink between 15-20 times a minute, and as we've already mentioned, it's an essential thing we do automatically to keep our eyes in good condition.