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[1] [5] [2] Apparent death is separate from the freezing behavior seen in some animals. [1] [2] Apparent death is a form of animal deception considered to be an anti-predator strategy, but it can also be used as a form of aggressive mimicry. When induced by humans, the state is sometimes colloquially known as animal hypnosis.
In the Classical era of animal magnetism, the late 17th century to the mid-19th century, there were professional magnetizers, [44] whose techniques were described by authors of the time as particularly effective. Their method was to spend prolonged periods "magnetizing" their customers directly or through "mesmeric magnets".
One technique of hypnosis is to hold the chicken face up with its back on the ground, and then run a finger downwards from the chicken's wattles to just above its vent. The chicken's feet are exposed, which allows easy application of medication for foot mites, etc. Clapping hands or giving the chicken a gentle shove will waken it.
Hypnosis typically involves an introduction to the procedure during which the subject is told that suggestions for imaginative experiences will be presented. The hypnotic induction is an extended initial suggestion for using one's imagination, and may contain further elaborations of the introduction.
Franz Anton Mesmer (/ ˈ m ɛ z m ər / MEZ-mər; [1] German:; 23 May 1734 – 5 March 1815) was a German physician with an interest in astronomy.He theorized the existence of a process of natural energy transference occurring between all animate and inanimate objects; this he called "animal magnetism", later referred to as mesmerism.
He aimed to prove the common biological origins of hypnotic states in both man and animals. He maintained in this written works that the ability to hypnotize animals suggested that verbal suggestion was not the only method of hypnosis, and that these nonverbal techniques were applicable to humans as well. [3]: 61, 69 [16]
Deception in animals is the voluntary or involuntary transmission of misinformation by one animal to another, of the same or different species, in a way that misleads the other animal. The psychology scholar Robert Mitchell identifies four levels of deception in animals.
During his tenure at Tulane, Gallup also developed a research interest in tonic immobility, or "animal hypnosis," which he continued at the University at Albany. His later work on animal behavior focused on ethological approaches to the study of animal behavior under laboratory conditions, which he pursued with Susan Suarez in the 1980s.