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In mathematics, an isomorphism is a structure-preserving mapping (a morphism) between two structures of the same type that can be reversed by an inverse mapping. Two mathematical structures are isomorphic if an isomorphism exists between them. The word is derived from Ancient Greek ἴσος (isos) 'equal' and μορφή (morphe) 'form, shape'.
It is conducted in two categories Category A (Class 8 to 11) and Category B (Class 12). It is a 6-question subjective examination of 3 hours duration. It is usually held on the first Sunday of November. It is equivalent of the AIME for that particular region. Top 30 (Category A) and 6 (Category B) performers of RMO advance to represent their ...
Indira Gandhi National Open University, known as IGNOU, is a public open & distance learning university located in Delhi, India. Named after the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, the university was established in 1985 with a budget of ₹ 20 million, after the Parliament of India passed the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985 (IGNOU Act 1985). [4]
The content ranges from extremely difficult algebra and pre-calculus problems to problems in branches of mathematics not conventionally covered in secondary or high school and often not at university level either, such as projective and complex geometry, functional equations, combinatorics, and well-grounded number theory, of which extensive knowledge of theorems is required.
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) was a process of assessment, mandated by the Right to Education Act, of India in 2009.This approach to assessment was introduced by state governments in India, as well as by the Central Board of Secondary Education in India, for students of sixth to tenth grades and twelfth in some schools.
The risk is 5–6% (similar to that of a woman in her early 40s giving birth), [393] [394] compared with a baseline risk of 3–4%. [394] The effects of inbreeding depression , while still relatively small compared to other factors (and thus difficult to control for in a scientific experiment), become more noticeable if isolated and maintained ...
But for practical purposes it is more convenient to work with the log-likelihood function in maximum likelihood estimation, in particular since most common probability distributions—notably the exponential family—are only logarithmically concave, [34] [35] and concavity of the objective function plays a key role in the maximization.
Computational origami results either address origami design or origami foldability. [3] In origami design problems, the goal is to design an object that can be folded out of paper given a specific target configuration. In origami foldability problems, the goal is to fold something using the creases of an initial configuration.