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Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
The main Vietnamese term used for Chinese characters is chữ Hán (𡨸漢).It is made of chữ meaning 'character' and Hán 'Han (referring to the Han dynasty)'.Other synonyms of chữ Hán includes chữ Nho (𡨸儒 [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ ɲɔ˧˧], literally 'Confucian characters') and Hán tự [a] (漢字 [haːn˧˦ tɨ˧˨ʔ] ⓘ) which was borrowed directly from Chinese.
Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The 4 remaining letters aren't considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
The text tended to use characters for their sound rather than use phono-semantic characters that were later created as the chữ Nôm was being developed. [4] An example would be the phrase, 濁濁, normally it would be read as trọc trọc [b], but will be read in Quốc âm thi tập as đục đục according to the Nôm reading. [4]
Current and past writing systems for Vietnamese in the Vietnamese alphabet and in chữ Hán Nôm. Spoken and written Vietnamese today uses the Latin script-based Vietnamese alphabet to represent native Vietnamese words (thuần Việt), Vietnamese words which are of Chinese origin (Hán-Việt, or Sino-Vietnamese), and other foreign loanwords.
Minh là BE giáo viên teacher. Minh là {giáo viên} Minh BE teacher. "Minh is a teacher." Trí Trí 13 13 tuổi age Trí 13 tuổi Trí 13 age "Trí is 13 years old," Mai Mai có vẻ seem là BE sinh viên student (college) hoặc or học sinh. student (under-college) Mai {có vẻ} là {sinh viên} hoặc {học sinh}. Mai seem BE {student (college)} or {student (under-college)} "Mai ...
The Nguyễn dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Nguyễn or Triều Nguyễn, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883.
Hồ Chí Minh [a] [b] (born Nguyễn Sinh Cung; [c] [d] [e] [4] [5] 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), [f] colloquially known as Uncle Ho (Bác Hồ) [g] [8] and by other aliases [h] and sobriquets, [i] was a Vietnamese revolutionary and politician who served as the founder and first president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945 ...