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Ecological systems theory is a broad term used to capture the theoretical contributions of developmental psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. [1] Bronfenbrenner developed the foundations of the theory throughout his career, [2] published a major statement of the theory in American Psychologist, [3] articulated it in a series of propositions and hypotheses in his most cited book, The Ecology of ...
Urie Bronfenbrenner (April 29, 1917, Moscow [1] – September 25, 2005) was a Russian-born American psychologist best known for using a contextual framework to better understand human development. [2]
Bronfenbrenner made his Ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the child's environment affects how a child grows and develops. In his original theory, Bronfenbrenner postulated that in order to understand human development, the entire ecological system in which growth occurs needs to be taken into account.
Also called "development in context" or "human ecology" theory, ecological systems theory was originally formulated by Urie Bronfenbrenner.It specifies four types of nested environmental systems, with bi-directional influences within and between the systems; they are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.
The history of bioecological systems theory is divided into two periods. The first period resulted in the publication of Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecological systems theory, titled The Ecology of Human Development, in 1979. [16] Bronfenbrenner described the second period as a time of criticism and evaluation of his original work. [17]
Individual variation is a hallmark of this theory – not all individuals develop and age at the same rate and in the same manner. [15] Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is an environmental system theory and social ecological model which focuses on five environmental systems:
Since its publication in 1979, Bronfenbrenner's major statement of this theory, The Ecology of Human Development, [22] has had widespread influence on the way psychologists and others approach the study of human beings and their environments. As a result of this conceptualization of development, these environments—from the family to economic ...
By 2018, the department had added foci in adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood, and aging to its early childhood development roots. Its study of contextual influences had expanded beyond the family to a variety of contexts, including peer groups, schools, neighborhoods, and workplaces, in part due to Bronfenbrenner's theoretical work.