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Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH 2) 4 (COOH) 2. From an industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid : about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon .
1,6-Hexanediol is industrially made by the hydrogenation of adipic acid or its esters. [3] [5] Laboratory preparation could be achieved by reduction of adipates with lithium aluminium hydride, although this method is impractical on a commercial scale.
Preparation. Sodium adipate is prepared by reacting adipic acid with sodium hydroxide: [2] C 6 H 10 O 4 + 2 NaOH → Na 2 C 6 H 8 O 4 + 2 H 2 O. Safety
Dicarboxylic acids are used in the preparation of copolymers such as polyamides and polyesters. The most widely used dicarboxylic acid in the industry is adipic acid, which is a precursor in the production of nylon. Other examples of dicarboxylic acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid, two amino acids in the human body.
Nylon 66 is synthesized by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. Equivalent amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are combined in water. In the original implementation, the resulting ammonium/carboxylate salt was isolated and then heated either in batches or continuously to induce polycondensation.
Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: [11]. C 6 H 12 + O 2 → (CH 2) 5 CO + H 2 O. This process forms cyclohexanol as a by-product, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
It is a clear brown liquid. It reacts with water to give adipic acid. It is prepared by treatment of adipic acid with thionyl chloride. [1] Adipoyl chloride reacts with hexamethylenediamine to form nylon 6,6. [2]
Aliquat 336 is used as a phase transfer catalyst, [2] including in the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene to 1,6-hexanedioic acid. [3] This reaction is an example of green chemistry, as it is more environmentally friendly than the traditional method of oxidizing cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone with nitric acid or potassium permanganate, which produce hazardous wastes.