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Mudskippers have the ability to breathe through their skin and the lining of their mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx); this is only possible when the mudskippers are wet, limiting them to humid habitats and requiring that they keep themselves moist.
Mudskippers are found in mangrove swamps in Africa and the Indo-Pacific; they frequently come onto land, and can survive in air for up to 3-1/2 days. [5] Mudskippers breathe through their skin and through the lining of the mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx). This requires the mudskipper to be wet, limiting them to humid habitats.
Like other mudskippers, the giant mudskipper can breathe air. To do so, it will gulp air, which allows oxygen to easily diffuse into its bloodstream because of its highly vascularized buccal surfaces. While gulping air, it may also move its operculum while submerged to trap water within the gills. [17]
Atlantic mudskippers also retain moisture by storing water within gill chambers, that allows them to breathe when out of water. [5] Atlantic mudskippers do not have a membrane that covers the gill chambers; instead, they are able to control the opening and closing of the gill chambers. [ 6 ]
Cutaneous respiration is more important in species that breathe air, such as mudskippers and reedfish, and in such species can account for nearly half the total respiration. [15] Fish from multiple groups can live out of the water for extended time periods. Air breathing fish can be divided into obligate air breathers and facultative air breathers.
Amphibious fish such as the mudskipper can live and move about on land for up to several days, or live in stagnant or otherwise oxygen depleted water. Many such fish can breathe air via a variety of mechanisms. The skin of anguillid eels may absorb oxygen directly. The buccal cavity of the electric eel may breathe air.
Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, commonly known as the great blue spotted mudskipper, is a species of mudskipper native to the north-western Pacific Ocean. It can be found on the coastlines of Japan , eastern China , Sumatra , Malaysia , Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula .
The Oxudercidae includes 86 genera, which contain around 600 species. This family has many species which occur in fresh water, and a number of species found on wet beaches and are able to live for a number of days out of water. The family includes the mudskippers, which include species that are able to move over land quite quickly. They have ...