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Symptoms associated with high doses of caffeine include muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, and; psychomotor agitation, [1] anorexia (loss of appetite), seizures, death. The symptoms of caffeine intoxication are comparable to the symptoms of overdoses of other ...
Barbiturates such as pentobarbital have been shown to cause paradoxical hyperactivity in an estimated 1% of children, who display symptoms similar to the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Intravenous caffeine administration can return these patients' behavior to baseline levels. [11]
Caffeine does not appear to be a reinforcing stimulus, and some degree of aversion may actually occur, with people preferring placebo over caffeine in a study on drug abuse liability published in an NIDA research monograph. [114] Some state that research does not provide support for an underlying biochemical mechanism for caffeine addiction.
Signs of possible caffeine overdoses include an increased heart rate, ... Calls to the U.S. poison centers concerning children consuming energy drinks spiked to about 20% in 2023, according to ...
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. [8] It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and, perhaps more-especially, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), [9] but is also used to treat anxiety disorders [10] such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress ...
Pediatricians and parents are calling for the U.S. to treat new high-caffeine energy drinks like alcohol and cigarettes and ban their sale to minors as a single serving can contain as much ...
Caffeine dependence is a condition characterized by a set of criteria, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to control use, and continued use despite knowledge of adverse consequences attributed to caffeine. [1] It can appear in physical dependence or psychological dependence, or both.
For some people, discontinuing caffeine use can significantly reduce anxiety. [34] Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder is a subclass of substance- or medication-induced anxiety disorder. [35] Populations that may be most impacted by caffeine consumption are adolescents and people with anxiety disorders. [36]