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In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body(ies).
Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. [1] Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics .
Buoyancy (/ ˈ b ɔɪ ən s i, ˈ b uː j ən s i /), [1] [2] or upthrust is a net upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid.
Free body diagram of a ball floating on water. The principles of buoyancy were known in classical antiquity. Before 3000 BC – Civilization starts by settling around rivers, coast and lakes. 3000 BC – Irrigation techniques develop in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. [1] Indus Valley Civilisation develops city-wide drainage systems and toilet ...
The point at which a vertical line through the heeled centre of buoyancy crosses the line through the original, vertical centre of buoyancy is the metacentre. The metacentre remains directly above the centre of buoyancy by definition. In the diagram above, the two Bs show the centres of buoyancy of a ship in the upright and heeled conditions.
Archimedes' principle of buoyancy is given in this work, stated as follows: [12] [89] Any body wholly or partially immersed in fluid experiences an upthrust equal to, but opposite in direction to, the weight of the fluid displaced. In the second part, he calculates the equilibrium positions of sections of paraboloids.
Disturbed free surface of a sea, viewed from below. In physics, a free surface is the surface of a fluid that is subject to zero parallel shear stress, [1] such as the interface between two homogeneous fluids. [2] An example of two such homogeneous fluids would be a body of water (liquid) and the air in the Earth's atmosphere (gas mixture).
free body diagram frequency frequency modulation free fall Any motion of a body where its own weight is the only force acting upon it. freezing point The temperature at which a substance changes state from liquid to solid. friction function fundamental forces. Also called fundamental interactions. fundamental frequency fundamental theorem of ...