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It is likely that other species from their homeland were also brought, but did not survive the journey or thrive on arrival. [17] In the last few decades, mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) research has allowed an estimate to be made of the number of women in the founding population, of between 50 and 100. [18] [19]
Māori also fought during both World Wars in specialised battalions (the Māori Pioneer Battalion in WWI and the 28th (Māori) Battalion in WWII). Māori were also badly hit by the 1918 influenza epidemic, with death rates for Māori being 4.5 times higher than for Pākehā. After World War II, te reo Māori use declined steeply in favour of ...
Mātauranga was traditionally preserved through spoken language, including songs, supplemented carving weaving, and painting, including tattoos. [10] Since colonisation, mātauranga has been preserved and shared through writing, first by non-Māori anthropologists and missionaries, then by Māori.
Many Māori served in the Second World War and learned how to cope in the modern urban world; others moved from their rural homes to the cities to take up jobs vacated by Pākehā servicemen. [180] The shift to the cities was also caused by their strong birth rates in the early 20th century, with the existing rural farms in Māori ownership ...
Māori cultural history intertwines inextricably with the culture of Polynesia as a whole. The New Zealand archipelago forms the southwestern corner of the Polynesian Triangle, a major part of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: the Hawaiian Islands, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), and New Zealand (Aotearoa in te reo Māori). [10]
The Moriori were hunter-gatherers [22] who lived on the Chatham Islands in isolation from the outside world until the arrival of HMS Chatham in 1791. They came to the Chathams from mainland New Zealand, which means they were descendants from the Polynesian settlers who had initially settled in New Zealand – the same Polynesians from which Māori had also descended.
[citation needed] Although the Samoans have preserved no traditions of having originated elsewhere, the name of the largest Samoan island Savaiʻi preserves a cognate with the word Hawaiki, as does the name of the Polynesian islands of Hawaiʻi (the ʻokina denoting a glottal stop that replaces the "k" in some Polynesian languages).
Both categories merge in whakapapa to explain the overall origin of the Māori and their connections to the world which they lived in. The Māori did not have a writing system before European contact, beginning in 1769, [ 1 ] therefore they relied on oral retellings and recitations memorised from generation to generation.