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  2. Redox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox

    In redox processes, the reductant transfers electrons to the oxidant. Thus, in the reaction, the reductant or reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized, and the oxidant or oxidizing agent gains electrons and is reduced. The pair of an oxidizing and reducing agent that is involved in a particular reaction is called a redox pair.

  3. Electrochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry

    The loss of electrons from an atom or molecule is called oxidation, and the gain of electrons is reduction. This can be easily remembered through the use of mnemonic devices. Two of the most popular are "OIL RIG" (Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain) and "LEO" the lion says "GER" (Lose Electrons: Oxidation, Gain Electrons: Reduction ...

  4. Ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion

    The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons [2] (e.g. K + (potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons. [3] (e.g. Cl-(chloride ion) and OH-(hydroxide ion)).

  5. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    Atoms that lose electrons make positively charged ions (called cations). This transfer of electrons is known as electrovalence in contrast to covalence. In the simplest case, the cation is a metal atom and the anion is a nonmetal atom, but these ions can be more complex, e.g. molecular ions like NH + 4 or SO 2− 4. In simpler words, an ionic ...

  6. Ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization

    Ionization (or ionisation specifically in Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion.

  7. Carrier generation and recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_generation_and...

    Carrier generation describes processes by which electrons gain energy and move from the valence band to the conduction band, producing two mobile carriers; while recombination describes processes by which a conduction band electron loses energy and re-occupies the energy state of an electron hole in the valence band.

  8. Electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

    A system of one or more electrons bound to a nucleus is called an atom. If the number of electrons is different from the nucleus's electrical charge, such an atom is called an ion. The wave-like behavior of a bound electron is described by a function called an atomic orbital. Each orbital has its own set of quantum numbers such as energy ...

  9. Electrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis

    In chemistry, the loss of electrons is called oxidation, while electron gain is called reduction. When neutral atoms or molecules, such as those on the surface of an electrode, gain or lose electrons they become ions and may dissolve in the electrolyte and react with other ions.