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There are different scales, denoted by a single letter, that use different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRB, HRC, etc., where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale. Larger numbers correspond to harder materials. When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates linearly with tensile ...
A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
Brinell hardness is sometimes quoted in megapascals; the Brinell hardness number is multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity, 9.80665 m/s 2, to convert it to megapascals. The Brinell hardness number can be correlated with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), although the relationship is dependent on the material, and therefore determined ...
When testing coatings, scratch hardness refers to the force necessary to cut through the film to the substrate. The most common test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. One tool to make this measurement is the sclerometer. Another tool used to make these tests is the pocket hardness tester. This tool consists of a scale arm with ...
When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates roughly linearly with tensile strength, [1] but it is an imperfect correlation often limited to small ranges of strength and hardness for each indentation geometry. This relation permits economically important nondestructive testing of bulk metal deliveries with lightweight, even portable ...
440C (UNS designation S44004) is a martensitic 400 series stainless steel, [1] and has the highest carbon content of the 400 stainless steel series. It can be heat treated to reach hardness of 58 to 60 HRC.
increases hardness, tensile strength, and toughness. increases resistance to corrosion, heat, and wear. more than 11% makes it "stainless", by causing an oxide coating to form. [61] carbide inclusions reduce wear, but bulk material is softer. Cobalt (Co) increases strength and hardness, and permits quenching in higher temperatures.