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An injury resulting in an outward (valgus) stress on the elbow, such as falling on an outstretched hand causes an avulsion fracture of the medial epicondyle. [citation needed] The medial epicondyle is often the final growth plate (ossification center) to ossify in the elbow. Growth plates are particularly vulnerable to injury compared to bone.
Supracondylar humerus fractures is commonly found in children between 5 and 7 years (90% of the cases), after the clavicle and forearm fractures. It is more often occurs in males, accounting of 16% of all pediatric fractures and 60% of all paediatric elbow fractures. The mechanism of injury is most commonly due to fall on an outstretch hand. [3]
Elbow fractures are any broken bone in or near the elbow joint and include olecranon fractures, supracondylar humerus fractures and radial head fractures. [1] The two most common causes of elbow fractures are direct trauma to the elbow joint or bracing a fall with and extended arm. [ 2 ]
Little League elbow is most often seen in young pitchers under the age of sixteen. The pitching motion causes a valgus stress to be placed on the inside of the elbow joint which can cause damage to the structures of the elbow, resulting in an avulsion (separation) of the medial epiphyseal plate (growth plate). [3]
Fractures in children generally heal relatively fast, but may take several weeks to heal. [17] Most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effects. [17] Rarely, bridging bone may form across growth plates, causing stunted growth and/or curving. [17] In such cases, the bridging bone may need to be surgically removed. [17]
The epiphyseal plate, epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length).
A latent cyst is located away from the epiphyseal plate and is more likely to heal with treatment. [4] It is typically diagnosed in under 20 year olds. [ 1 ] Although unicameral bone cysts can form in any bone structure, it is predominantly found in the proximal humerus and proximal femur ; additionally, it affects males twice as often as females.
unstable spinal fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction: Thoracic Spine Fractures and Dislocations at eMedicine: Hume fracture: A.C. Hume: olecranon fracture with anterior dislocation of radial head: Ronald McRae, Maxx Esser. Practical Fracture Treatment 5th edition, page 187. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008.