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A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
The initial catalytic converters were installed in cars in the 1975 model year. In 1976, the three-way catalyst was introduced, which, after updates, has been able to eliminate 97% of tailpipe hydrocarbon emissions, 96% of carbon monoxide and 90% of nitrogen oxides produced in automobile engines and those used in light trucks and sport utility ...
Cerium oxide is used as a catalytic converter for the minimisation of CO emissions in the exhaust gases from motor vehicles. When there is a shortage of oxygen, cerium(IV) oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide to cerium(III) oxide: 2 CeO 2 + CO → Ce 2 O 3 + CO 2
Carl D. Keith and John J. Mooney (right) at the award ceremony for the National Medal of Technology and Innovation for the invention, application and commercialization of the three-way catalytic converter (2003) Mooney was elected a Fellow of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in 1990 for his efforts in exhaust emission control.
C. Carbocatalysis; Catalase; Catalysis; Catalyst poisoning; Catalytic combustion; Catalytic converter; Catalytic cycle; Catalytic oxidation; Catalytic resonance theory
It is a U.S. legal requirement to have a catalytic converter. [3] [4] Converters may not be removed from a vehicle that is used only for "off-road" driving in the United States. [5] The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.
In 1970, Taylor joined General Motors where she is known for her work at General Motors on catalytic converters that helped reduce pollution from car exhaust, following work done earlier by Eugene Houdry. [1] Taylor developed catalytic converters that converted nitric oxide into nitrogen, instead of ammonia, a toxin to humans. [1]
When the catalytic converter is cold, air injected at the upstream point burns with the deliberately rich exhaust so as to bring the catalyst up to operating temperature quickly. Once the catalyst is warm, air is injected to the downstream location — the catalytic converter itself — to assist with catalysis of unburned hydrocarbons .
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