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The intergluteal cleft or just gluteal cleft, also known by a number of synonyms, including natal cleft and cluneal cleft, is the groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum, [1] so named because it forms the visible border between the external rounded protrusions of the gluteus maximus muscles.
[1] [5] [6] Other common benign congenital anomalies include supernumerary digits, third nipples and natal teeth. [ 7 ] Most sacral dimple cases are minor and do not relate to any underlying medical problem, [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ] but some can result from disease, notably spina bifida .
In the generalized form, all teeth are involved. In the localized form, only a few teeth are involved. The most common teeth affected are the upper lateral incisors and third molars. Teeth affected by microdontia may also have abnormal shape, and the abnormal size may affect the whole tooth, or only a part of the tooth. [1]
The small mandible can result in a poor occlusion of the teeth or in more severe cases, trouble breathing or swallowing. The respiratory system of a child with Treacher Collins syndrome is the primary concern at birth, with other issues only addressed once respiratory function has been stabilized. [10]
The two most common coding systems used for description of the type of cleft include ICD-9 and ICD-10 (or modifications in the United States, ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM). [2] In ICD-9-CM, cleft lip is encoded by 749.10-749.14; cleft palate by 749.00-749.04; and cleft lip with cleft palate by 749.20-749.25.
It may be generalized across the dentition or localized to a few teeth. Defects are categorized by shape or location. Common categories are pit-form, plane-form, linear-form, and localised enamel hypoplasia. [3] [4] [5] Hypoplastic lesions are found in areas of the teeth where the enamel was being actively formed during a systemic or local ...
Pierre Robin sequence includes a U-shaped or sometimes V-shaped cleft palate (an opening in the roof of the mouth) with a tongue that is too large for the space formed by the small lower jaw. Children with a cleft palate are also prone to ear infections and occasionally swallowing difficulties. [citation needed]
[3] [4] Coccygeal pits are distinct from congenital dermal sinus as they are found within the gluteal cleft, rather than above the gluteal cleft. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The caudally orientated coccygeal pits are not associated with intradural pathology and do not need to be excised, unlike the cephalically oriented tracts of the congenital dermal sinus ...