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Germicidal UV for disinfection is most typically generated by a mercury-vapor lamp. Low-pressure mercury vapor has a strong emission line at 254 nm, which is within the range of wavelengths that demonstrate strong disinfection effect. The optimal wavelengths for disinfection are close to 260 nm. [70]: 2–6, 2–14
A germicidal lamp (also known as disinfection lamp or sterilizer lamp) is an electric light that produces ultraviolet C (UVC) light. This short-wave ultraviolet light disrupts DNA base pairing , causing formation of pyrimidine dimers , and leads to the inactivation of bacteria , viruses , and protozoans .
When evaluating ultraviolet germicidal lights, eye and skin health are primary concerns. UV-B, predominantly responsible for the harmful effects of sunlight, poses the highest risk for erythema, photokeratitis, sunburn and skin cancer. [15] [16] [17] While longer UV-C wavelengths and UV-A can also cause damage, their effects are less severe ...
The WHO-standard ultraviolet index is a widely publicized measurement of total strength of UV wavelengths that cause sunburn on human skin, by weighting UV exposure for action spectrum effects at a given time and location. This standard shows that most sunburn happens due to UV at wavelengths near the boundary of the UVA and UVB bands.
The higher energy (shortest wavelength) ranges of UV (called "vacuum UV") are absorbed by nitrogen and, at longer wavelengths, by simple diatomic oxygen in the air. Most of the UV in the mid-range of energy is blocked by the ozone layer, which absorbs strongly in the important 200–315 nm range, the lower energy part of which is too long for ...
Excimer lamps are quasimonochromatic light sources operating over a wide range of wavelengths in the ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral regions. Operation of an excimer lamp is based on the formation of excited dimers (), which spontaneously transiting from the excited state to the ground state result in the emission of UV photons.
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