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Many factors contribute to a student's engagement at school, ranging from the student's internal experiences to the student's interactions with their environment. Research by Fletcher identifies eight different ways student engagement is affected through these internal and external factors, including manipulation and equity .
Intrinsic motivation comes from internal factors like enjoyment and curiosity; it contrasts with extrinsic motivation, which is driven by external factors like obtaining rewards and avoiding punishment. For conscious motivation, the individual is aware of the motive driving the behavior, which is not the case for unconscious motivation.
The motivation to read is one of the major factors that determine student success or failure in elementary school. [3] Therefore, it is crucial to come up with ways to motivate and include all students to read. Reading is a task requiring interest and effort; as such, the reading skill of students has been associated with reading motivation. [4]
According to expectancy–value theory, students' achievement and achievement related choices are most proximally determined by two factors: [1] expectancies for success, and subjective task values. Expectancies refer to how confident an individual is in his or her ability to succeed in a task whereas task values refer to how important, useful ...
Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) [1] is a theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation.Specifically, CET is a sub-theory of self-determination theory that focuses on competence and autonomy while examining how intrinsic motivation is affected by external forces in a process known as motivational "crowding out."
Goal theory is the label used in educational psychology to discuss research into motivation to learn. Goals of learning are thought to be a key factor influencing the level of a student's intrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation has been found to be hard to modify, and attempts to recruit existing intrinsic motivators require a non-trivially difficult individualized approach, identifying and making relevant the different motivators needed to motivate different students, [30] possibly requiring additional skills and intrinsic motivation from the ...
The failure-avoidant students strive to look competent, utilising failure avoiding strategies such as defensive pessimism and self-handicapping, as inability is a big threat to one's sense of self-worth. [13] Instructing in a way that separates student's obsession of ability from willingness to learn is considered as an important role of ...