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The field which studies ontologies so conceived is sometimes referred to as applied ontology. [1] Every academic discipline or field, in creating its terminology, thereby lays the groundwork for an ontology. Each uses ontological assumptions to frame explicit theories, research and applications.
Ontology is the philosophical study of being.It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality.As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it.
Applied ontology is the application of Ontology for practical purposes. This can involve employing ontological methods or resources to specific domains, [ 1 ] such as management , relationships , biomedicine , information science or geography .
Example of a constructed MBED Top Level Ontology based on the nominal set of views. [1]In computer science, information science and systems engineering, ontology engineering is a field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and ...
Individuals (instances) are the basic, "ground level" components of an ontology. The individuals in an ontology may include concrete objects such as people, animals, tables, automobiles, molecules, and planets, as well as abstract individuals such as numbers and words (although there are differences of opinion as to whether numbers and words are classes or individuals).
From there, North American anthropologists began considering how ontology might be useful in ethnographic research. The application of ontological frameworks really gained popularity following 2010 [ citation needed ] and were brought to national anthropological attention at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in ...
The ontology oXPDL [13] is a process interchange ontology based on the standardised XML Process Definition Language . The purpose of oXPDL is to model the semantics of XPDL process models in standardized Web ontology languages such as OWL and WSML , while incorporating features of existing standard ontologies such as PSL , RosettaNet , and SUMO .
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and his associates for the purposes of promoting interoperability among domain ontologies built in its terms through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published by MIT Press in 2015.