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Grouchy was born in Paris on 23 October 1766 into a family of the noblesse d'épée, the son of François-Jacques de Grouchy, 1st Marquis de Grouchy (born 1715) and Gilberte Fréteau de Pény (died 1793). [3] He was raised at the Château de Villette (known as "the little Versailles"), his family's estate in Condécourt, northwest of Paris. [3]
Grouchy was at Sart-lez-Walhain when at about 11:30 he and his staff heard cannonades from the Battle of Waterloo, 23 kilometres (14 mi) to the northwest; a local notary gave them an accurate location of the source of the sound. There were no direct roads from Grouchy to the battle, but there was a road to Wavre, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) away to ...
Map of the Waterloo Campaign. The Battle of Wavre was the final major military action of the Hundred Days campaign and the Napoleonic Wars.It was fought on 18–19 June 1815 between the Prussian rearguard, consisting of the Prussian III Corps under the command of General Johann von Thielmann (whose chief-of-staff was Carl von Clausewitz) and three corps of the French army under the command of ...
Auguste de Marmont, born in 1774, was the youngest officer to earn the distinction of Marshal. [8] Francois Kellerman was the oldest, born in 1735. [9] The majority of Marshals were given the title in 1804 (18 out of 26), while Grouchy received the distinction at the latest time, in 1815, shortly before the Battle of Waterloo. [4]
Grouchy believed that he was engaging the rearguard of a still-retreating Prussian force. However, only one Corps remained; the other three Prussian Corps (I, II and the still fresh IV) had regrouped after their defeat at Ligny and were marching toward Waterloo. The next morning the Battle of Wavre ended in a hollow French victory.
By the end of 17 June, Wellington's army had arrived at its position at Waterloo, with the main body of Napoleon's army following. The decisive battle of the campaign took place at Waterloo on 18 June 1815. Before leaving Ligny, Napoleon gave Grouchy 33,000 men and orders to follow the retreating Prussians.
At 1:30 pm Napoleon ordered Emmanuel de Grouchy to commit his cavalry in an effort to get the attack moving. Grouchy sent Louis Ernest Joseph Sparre's dragoon brigade forward. Sparre's troopers drove off the Pavlograd Hussars [38] and then swept into Parkinson's Horse Artillery Battery Nr. 9, cutting down the gunners. Both Grouchy and Sparre ...
Eye witness (1816), "Appendix 24", The journal of the three days of the battle of Waterloo, by an eye-witness. To which is added an appendix containing the official reports of the allies, p. 26; Five, Jean et Emmanuel (2007), Les fortifications de la ville de Namur (PDF). Description (in French) of Namur's defences