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Joseph Henry (December 17, 1797 [1] [2] – May 13, 1878) was an American experimental physicist and inventor who served as the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was the secretary for the National Institute for the Promotion of Science , a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution. [ 3 ]
(3) The theory I propose may therefore be called a theory of the Electromagnetic Field, because it has to do with the space in the neighbourhood of the electric and magnetic bodies, and it may be called a Dynamical Theory, because it assumes that in that space there is matter in motion, by which the observed electromagnetic phenomena are produced
James Clerk Maxwell FRS FRSE (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician [1] who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.
The first usage of the word electricity is ascribed to Sir Thomas Browne in his 1646 work, Pseudodoxia Epidemica. The first appearance of the term electromagnetism was in Magnes, [35] by the Jesuit luminary Athanasius Kircher, in 1641, which carries the provocative chapter-heading: "Elektro-magnetismos i.e.
Johnson claimed that his device generates motion, either rotary or linear, from nothing but permanent magnets in rotor as well as stator, acting against each other. [38] He estimated that permanent magnets made of proper hard materials should lose less than two percent of their magnetization in powering a device for 18 years. [39]
Electromagnetic rotation experiment of Faraday, 1821, the first demonstration of the conversion of electrical energy into motion [48] In 1821, soon after the Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetism , Davy and William Hyde Wollaston tried, but failed, to design an electric motor . [ 3 ]
He invented the first electrical measuring instrument, the electroscope, in the form of a pivoted needle he called the versorium. [ 10 ] Like other people of his day, he believed that crystal (clear quartz ) was an especially hard form of water, formed from compressed ice:
André-Marie Ampère (UK: / ˈ æ m p ɛər /, US: / ˈ æ m p ɪər /; [1] French: [ɑ̃dʁe maʁi ɑ̃pɛʁ]; 20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836) [2] was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as electrodynamics.