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An example of second-order conditioning. In classical conditioning, second-order conditioning or higher-order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first made meaningful or consequential for an organism through an initial step of learning, and then that stimulus is used as a basis for learning about some new stimulus. For ...
Name-letter effect; Near-miss effect; Negativity effect; Nocebo effect; Novelty effect; Numerosity adaptation effect; Observer-expectancy effect; Out-group homogeneity effect; Overconfidence effect; Overjustification effect; Peltzman effect; Perruchet effect; Picture superiority effect; Placebo effect; Pluralistic ignorance; Positivity effect ...
Ψ , the first letter of the Greek word psyche from which the term psychology is derived, is commonly associated with the field of psychology. In 1890, William James defined psychology as "the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions." [14] This definition enjoyed
The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [24] A COS tree file consists primarily of objects, of which there are nine types: [17] Boolean values, representing true or false; Real numbers ...
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with human behaviour. [1] While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Lacan gave the name passe to the analysand's dualistic experience of uncertainty, becoming eclipsed and challenged by a subjective confrontation, that gives way to a feeling of certainty with the Real, e.g. in the temptation of Christ or the desolation of saints; it is "the moment of crisis in a speaking cure in which all subjectivity, the last ...
Psychopathology of Everyday Life (German: Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens) is a 1901 work by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. Based on Freud's researches into slips and parapraxes from 1897 onwards, [ 1 ] it became perhaps the best-known of all Freud's writings.
Curve exhibiting a plateau between steeply ascending sections. The plateau effect is a phenomenon that lessens the effectiveness of once effective measures over time. An example of the plateau effect is when someone's exercise fails to be as effective as in the past, similar to the concept of diminishing returns.