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Closeness is a basic concept in topology and related areas in mathematics.Intuitively, we say two sets are close if they are arbitrarily near to each other. The concept can be defined naturally in a metric space where a notion of distance between elements of the space is defined, but it can be generalized to topological spaces where we have no concrete way to measure distances.
From a spatial point of view, nearness (a.k.a. proximity) is considered a generalization of set intersection.For disjoint sets, a form of nearness set intersection is defined in terms of a set of objects (extracted from disjoint sets) that have similar features within some tolerance (see, e.g., §3 in).
According to ISO 5725-1, accuracy consists of trueness (proximity of the mean of measurement results to the true value) and precision (repeatability or reproducibility of the measurement). While precision is a description of random errors (a measure of statistical variability), accuracy has two different definitions:
Closeness centrality, the total geodesic distance from a given vertex to all other vertices, is the best known example. [7] Note that this classification is independent of the type of walk counted (i.e. walk, trail, path, geodesic). Borgatti and Everett propose that this typology provides insight into how best to compare centrality measures.
Closeness may refer to: closeness (mathematics) closeness (graph theory), the shortest path between one vertex and another vertex;
[1] The algebraic closure of a field. [2] The integral closure of an integral domain in a field that contains it. The radical of an ideal in a commutative ring. In geometry, the convex hull of a set S of points is the smallest convex set of which S is a subset. [3]
In the classic definition of the closeness centrality, the spread of information is modeled by the use of shortest paths. This model might not be the most realistic for all types of communication scenarios. Thus, related definitions have been discussed to measure closeness, like the random walk closeness centrality introduced by Noh and Rieger ...
The following conditions need to be fulfilled in the establishment of repeatability: [2] [4] the same experimental tools; the same observer; the same measuring instrument, used under the same conditions; the same location; repetition over a short period of time. same objectives; Repeatability methods were developed by Bland and Altman (1986). [5]