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  2. White sugar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_sugar

    Its molecular formula is C 12 H 22 O 11. [2] White sugars produced from sugar cane and sugar beet are chemically indistinguishable: it is possible, however, to identify its origin through a carbon-13 analysis. [1] White sugar (and some brown sugar) produced from sugar cane may be refined using bone char by a few sugar cane refiners. [3]

  3. Brown sugar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_sugar

    Brown sugar crystals. Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses.It is by tradition an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content (natural brown sugar), but is now often produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar (commercial brown sugar).

  4. Food physical chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_physical_chemistry

    Because food science is a multi-disciplinary field, food physical chemistry is being developed through interactions with other areas of food chemistry and food science, such as food analytical chemistry, food process engineering/food processing, food and bioprocess technology, food extrusion, food quality control, food packaging, food ...

  5. Food Chemicals Codex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Chemicals_Codex

    More than 1,100 monographs, which include chemical formula and structure, chemical weight, function, definition, packaging and storage, labelling requirements, test procedures and more. Fourteen appendices, which detail more than 150 tests and assays , with step-by-step guidance for the analysis of enzymes , impurities such as metals and ...

  6. Granularity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granularity

    Granularity (also called graininess) is the degree to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable pieces, "granules" or "grains" (metaphorically). It can either refer to the extent to which a larger entity is subdivided, or the extent to which groups of smaller indistinguishable entities have joined together to become larger distinguishable entities.

  7. Food processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing

    Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour , home cooking , and complex industrial methods used in the making of convenience foods .

  8. Dry milling and fractionation of grain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_milling_and...

    This process is widely associated with the development of new bio-based associated by-products. The milling process separates the grain into four distinct physical components: the germ, flour, fine grits, and coarse grits. The separated materials are then reduced into food products utilized for human and animal consumption.

  9. Brining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brining

    In food processing, brining is treating food with brine or coarse salt [1] which preserves and seasons the food while enhancing tenderness and flavor with additions such as herbs, spices, sugar, caramel or vinegar.