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Instrument Uses Speculum: A specialized form of vaginal speculum is the weighted speculum, which consists of a broad half tube which is bent at about a 90 degree angle, with the channel of the tube on the exterior side of the angle. One end of the tube has a roughly spherical metal weight surrounding the channel of the speculum.
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk (of paralysis or even death). [2]
Forceps births, like all assisted births, should only be undertaken to help promote the health of the mother or baby. In general, a forceps birth is likely to be safer for both the mother and baby than the alternatives – either a ventouse birth or a caesarean section – although caveats such as operator skill apply.
A hysterotomy is an incision made in the uterus. [1] This surgical incision is used in several medical procedures, including during termination of pregnancy in the second trimester (or abortion) and delivering the fetus during caesarean section.
They usually result in Cesarean sections because it is more difficult to deliver the baby through the birth canal and there is a lack of expertise in vaginal breech delivery and therefore fewer vaginal breech deliveries performed. It is also associated with cord prolapse and an elevated risk for birth defects in breech babies. [31]
The use of this instrument for operative vaginal delivery dates back to the 1600's. Throughout history, over 700 types of forceps have been reinvented and gone through modifications to make sure forceps are safe in operative vaginal delivery. [ 28 ]
Comparison of incisions used for caesarean section Is: Supra-umbilical incision Im: Median incision IM: Maylard incision IP: Pfannenstiel incision A lower (uterine) segment caesarean section (LSCS) is the most commonly used type of caesarean section. [1]
Incisions used for caesarean section, including the Maylard incision. Is: Supra-umbilical incision Im: Median incision IM: Maylard incision IP: Pfannenstiel incision Maylard incision is a surgical incision in which a transverse cut is made on rectus abdominis muscle to allow wider access to the pelvic cavity.