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The Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica abolishes Costa Rica's army as a permanent institution, making Costa Rica one of the first countries in the world to do so as the current Constitution was enacted in 1949. [1] Costa Rica is one of the few countries without armed forces and, alongside Panama, one of the few that is not a microstate.
In 1986, President Oscar Arias Sánchez declared December 1 as the Día de la Abolición del Ejército (Military abolition day) with Law #8115. Unlike its neighbors, Costa Rica has not endured a civil war since 1948. Costa Rica maintains small forces capable of law enforcement, but has no permanent standing army.
The people listed below are, or were, the last surviving members of notable groups of World War II veterans, as identified by reliable sources. About 70 million people fought in World War II between 1939 and 1945. Background shading indicates the individual is still living Last survivors Veteran Birth Death Notability Service Allegiance Aimé Acton 1917 or 1918 13 December 2020 (aged 102) Last ...
Sovereign states with no standing army, but having limited military forces Country Details Ref. Costa Rica: Article 12 of the Constitution has forbidden a standing army since 1949, following the Costa Rican Civil War.
The Oxford Companion to World War II (2005), comprehensive encyclopedia for all countries; Eccles, Karen E. and Debbie McCollin, eds. World War II and the Caribbean (2017) excerpt; Frank, Gary. Struggle for hegemony in South America: Argentina, Brazil, and the United States during the Second World War (Routledge, 2021). Friedman, Max Paul.
Despite its official abolition of its military, between 1950 and 1970 Costa Rica accepted 1.8 million USD in military aid and 113,000 USD in surplus equipment from the United States. However, in 1981, the Costa Rican government stated that all military equipment on hand — including a small number of M113 armored personnel carriers acquired in ...
45. "We must never forget why we have, and why we need our military. Our armed forces exist solely to ensure our nation is safe, so that each and every one of us can sleep soundly at night ...
Costa Rica. Nicaragua Costa Ricans exiled. Victory: Filibuster War (1855–1857) Costa Rica Nicaragua Kingdom of Mosquitia Guatemala Honduras El Salvador United States: Filibusters: Victory. William Walker's army is defeated and he is arrested by the American Navy; Barrios' War of Reunification (1885) El Salvador Mexico Costa Rica Nicaragua ...