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The local tael took precedence over any central measure. Thus, the Canton tael weighed 37.5 grams (1.21 ozt), the Convention or Shanghai tael was 33.9 grams (1.09 ozt), and the Haiguan (海關; hǎiguān; 'customs') tael 37.8 grams (1.22 ozt). The conversion rates between various common taels were well known.
1 ⁄ 10 tael 3.779 936 375 g: 2.1333 dr Macanese definition of 3.779 931 g may not be correct when dividing catty. loeng2: 兩: liang, leung, tael: tael 1 ⁄ 16: 1 ⁄ 16 cate 37.799 363 75 g: 1.3333 oz Macanese definition of 37.799 31 g may not be correct when dividing catty. gan1: 斤: jin, kan, catty: cate 1 1 ⁄ 100 pico 604.78982 g 1. ...
Some of these units are still in use, albeit standardised to SI/metric measurements. When the Royal Thai Survey Department began cadastral survey in 1896, Director R. W. Giblin, F.R.G.S., noted, "It so happens that 40 metres or 4,000 centimetres are equal to one sen," so all cadastral plans are plotted, drawn, and printed to a scale of 1:4,000. [2]
Like other similar measures such as tael and catty, the English word "mace" derives from Malay, in this case through Dutch maes, plural masen, from Malay mas which, in turn, derived from Sanskrit māṣa (माष), a word related to "mash," another name for the urad bean, and masha, a traditional Indian unit of weight equal to 0.97 gram. [5]
Related units include the picul, equal to 100 catties, and the tael, which is 1 ⁄ 16 of a catty. A stone is a former unit used in Hong Kong equal to 120 catties and a gwan ( 鈞 ) is 30 catties. Catty or kati is still used in Southeast Asia as a unit of measurement in some contexts especially by the significant Overseas Chinese populations ...
The customs gold unit was adopted on 1 February 1930 to replace the Haikwan (Hǎiguān) or Customs tael (海關両 hǎiguān liǎng) as the standard for customs payments. It was defined as equal to 601.866 mg fine gold or US$0.40.
The ryō was originally a unit of weight from China, the tael. It came into use in Japan during the Kamakura period. By the Azuchi–Momoyama period it had become nearly uniform throughout Japan, about 4.4 monme as a unit of weight (about the same as 16.5 grams). During the Sengoku period, various local daimyō began to mint their own money.
Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10 −6 metre).