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In subsequent cases, the Court defined what constituted a policy or custom for purposes of Monell liability. In Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati, the Court held that a single decision made by municipal policy maker can establish policy sufficient for Monell liability. [22] In determining who is a municipal policy maker in City of St. Louis v.
This aspect of Monroe was later partially overruled in Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, 436 U.S. 658 (1978) which held that local governments were "persons" under the act and could face liability under certain circumstances.
Holding; Following the "official policy" standard set forth in Monell establishing municipal liability under 42 U.S.C. §1983, municipal liability may be imposed for a single decision by municipal policymakers under appropriate circumstances; if the decision to adopt a particular course of action is directed by those who establish governmental policy, the municipality is equally responsible ...
General liability: This type of insurance covers lawsuits involving bodily injury or property damage. Professional liability: This insurance is sometimes called "errors and omissions coverage." It ...
Sep. 15—West Penn Twp. and its police chief have been sued in federal court over alleged excessive use of force and civil rights violations. New Ringgold resident Rachel Rossi, who filed the ...
Understanding tax liability is the key to lowering your taxes.
Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), was a case in which the US Supreme Court ruled that an implied cause of action existed for an individual whose Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizures had been violated by the Federal Bureau of Narcotics.
(The Center Square) – House Republicans in the Washington State Legislature offered up dozens of amendments Thursday during an executive session before the House Education Committee, but none ...