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A Vivaldi antenna or Vivaldi aerial [1] or tapered slot antenna [2] is a co-planar broadband-antenna, which can be made from a solid piece of sheet metal, a printed circuit board, or from a dielectric plate metalized on one or both sides. Patterned Vivaldi antenna, made from double-sided printed circuit board material
As the industry evolves, most MNO networks are now made up of 3G based services and are migrating towards 4G based services. In-building cellular enhancement systems designed for 2G or primarily voice-based services may not be sufficient to support 4G services since signal strength and signal quality specifications become more stringent as the applications move from a voice-centric paradigm to ...
Tests done by J.S. Belrose (1994) [7] showed that though the conventional T²FD length is close to a full-size 80 meter (3.5–4.0 MHz) antenna, the antenna starts to suffer serious signal loss both on transmit and receive below 10 MHz (30 m), with the 80 meter band signals −10 dB down (90% power loss) from a reference dipole at 10 MHz.
Antenna diversity is especially effective at mitigating these multipath situations. This is because multiple antennas offer a receiver several observations of the same signal. Each antenna will experience a different interference environment. Thus, if one antenna is experiencing a deep fade, it is likely that another has a sufficient signal ...
Inevitably some antennas won't conveniently fit into any one basic type, so the last section on real antennas is an "everything else" category for a few peculiar antennas that don't fit cleanly into any of the categories or subcategories used in this article; for example, random wire antennas and antennas that are laid down on the ground ...
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume.
A spiral antenna is a type of radio frequency antenna shaped as a spiral, [1]: 14‑2 first described in 1956. [2] Archimedean spiral antennas are the most popular, while logarithmic spiral antennas are independent of frequency: [3] the driving point impedance, radiation pattern and polarization of such antennas remain unchanged over a large bandwidth. [4]
Due to their omnidirectional radiation pattern, vertical monopole antennas are commonly used in terrestrial radio communication systems in which the direction to the transmitter or receiver is unknown or constantly changing, [7] such as broadcasting, mobile two-way radios, and wireless devices like cellphones and Wi-fi networks, [8] [4] because they radiate equal radio power in all horizontal ...