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Entrainment in the biomusicological sense refers to the synchronization (e.g., foot tapping) of organisms to an external perceived rhythm such as human music and dance. Humans are the only species for which all individuals experience entrainment, although there are documented examples of entrained nonhuman individuals.
The characteristics of music that have improved sleep quality in the music-sleep literature include slow tempo, small change of rhythm, and moderate pitch variation of melody. [16] The selection of music (self selected or researcher selected) does not appear to impact sleep quality.
An example is the phenomenon of tapping to the beat, where the listener anticipates the rhythmic accents in a piece of music. Another example is the effect of music on movement disorders: rhythmic auditory stimuli have been shown to improve walking ability in Parkinson's disease and stroke patients.
Listening to tapping, typically with one's nails onto hard surfaces [20] Listening to buttons being pressed, mostly those of computer keyboards or video game controllers [ citation needed ] Listening to quiet, repetitive sounds resulting from someone engaging in a mundane task, such as turning the pages of a book [ 22 ]
A lullaby (/ ˈ l ʌ l ə b aɪ /), or a cradle song, is a soothing song or piece of music that is usually played for (or sung to) children (for adults see music and sleep). The purposes of lullabies vary. In some societies, they are used to pass down cultural knowledge or tradition.
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The psychology of music, or music psychology, is a branch of psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and/or musicology.It aims to explain and understand musical behaviour and experience, including the processes through which music is perceived, created, responded to, and incorporated into everyday life.
Downtempo (or downbeat) [4] is a broad label for electronic music that features an atmospheric sound and slower beats than would typically be found in dance music. [5] Closely related to ambient music but with greater emphasis on rhythm, [6] the style may be played in relaxation clubs or as "warm-up or cool-down" music during a DJ set. [5]