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However, the power of the crown was less than before the Civil War. By the 18th century, England rivaled the Netherlands as one of the freest countries in Europe. [107] In 1665, London was swept by the plague, and in 1666 by the Great Fire for 5 days which destroyed about 15,000 buildings.
A Treaty of Union was agreed on 22 July 1706, and following the Acts of Union of 1707, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain, the independence of the kingdoms of England and Scotland came to an end on 1 May 1707.
This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom .
England and Scotland – At war in what became known as the Bishops' Wars. 1640 November England – The Long Parliament summoned. 1642 22 August England – English Civil War begins (see Timeline of the English Civil War). 1652 ? England – Tea arrives in Britain. 1666 2 – 6 September England – The Great Fire of London ravages the city. 1688
The War saw a decline of civilian consumption, with a major reallocation to munitions. The government share of GDP soared from 8% in 1913 to 38% in 1918 (compared to 50% in 1943). The war forced Britain to use up its financial reserves and borrow large sums from New York banks.
Timelines of War: A Chronology of Warfare from 100,000 BC to the Present (1996), Global coverage. Cannon, John, ed. The Oxford Companion to British History (2003) Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485–1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
The war reached its climax during the reign of Offa of Mercia, [62] who is remembered for the construction of a 150-mile-long dyke which formed the Wales/England border. [64] It is not clear whether this was a boundary line or a defensive position. [ 64 ]
Charles II, the future king of England (r. 1660-1685) is born to parents Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France. 1633 14 October James II, the future king of England (r. 1685-1688) is born to parents Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France. 1639: Bishops' Wars: A war with Scotland began which would last until 1640. 1640