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The ext4 filesystem divides the partition it resides into smaller chunks called blocks (a group of sectors, usually between 1KiB and 64 KiB). By default, the block size is the same as the page size (4 KiB), but it can be configured with mkfs during filesystem creation. Blocks are grouped into larger chunks called block groups.
ext4: various 2006 Linux: exFAT: Microsoft: 2006 Windows CE 6.0: Btrfs: Chris Mason ... Maximum file size Maximum volume size [cd] Max number of files AdvFS: 255 ...
ext4: Partition IDs: 0x83 EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 : Structures; Directory contents: Table, hashed B-tree with dir_index enabled: File allocation: bitmap (free space), table (metadata) Bad blocks: Table: Limits; Max volume size: 4 TiB – 32 TiB: Max file size: 16 GiB – 2 TiB: Max no. of files: Variable, allocated at creation time ...
The limit on partition size was dictated by the 8-bit signed count of sectors per cluster, which originally had a maximum power-of-two value of 64. With the standard hard disk sector size of 512 bytes, this gives a maximum of 32 KB cluster size, thereby fixing the "definitive" limit for the FAT16 partition size at 2 GB for sector size 512.
Max volume size: 16 EiB [3] [a] Max file size ... the principal developer of the ext3 and ext4 file ... rebalance itself to the target partition on the install disk ...
Max volume size: 2–32 TiB: Max file size: ... (maximum partition size and filename length limitation to 14 characters), ... Users are recommended to upgrade to ext4 ...
XFS is a 64-bit file system [24] and supports a maximum file system size of 8 exbibytes minus one byte (2 63 − 1 bytes), but limitations imposed by the host operating system can decrease this limit. 32-bit Linux systems limit the size of both the file and file system to 16 tebibytes.
Xiafs was less powerful and offered less functionality than ext2. The maximum size of a file was 64 MiB and the maximum size of a partition was 2 GiB. While this was an improvement over ext, it did not measure up to ext2. Xiafs used less disk space for its control structures and it had greater stability at that time.