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The structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers: Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction; Intermediate appellate courts which hear cases on appeal from lower courts; Courts of last resort which hear appeals from lower appellate courts on the interpretation of law. There are exceptions to this scheme, as noted below.
Organization of the French judiciary for criminal matters. There are two categories of criminal jurisdiction: investigation ( French : instruction ) and judgement ( jugement ). This distinction is echoed by the French code of criminal procedure ( Code de procédure pénale ), which nevertheless does not define how to distinguish the one from ...
In French criminal law, the investigation phase (instruction) in a criminal proceeding is the procedure during which an investigating judge (juge d'instruction) gathers evidence on the commission of an offense and decides whether to refer the persons charged to the trial court. The investigating judge is the first instance of investigation.
In France, the tribunal de commerce (plural tribunaux de commerce, literally "commercial courts") are the oldest courts in the French judicial organization. They were created at the end of the Middle Ages.
Cour de cassation in France is an example of a supreme ordinary court.. Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific field of matters, such as intellectual property court.
Facilitates citations of French law Template parameters This template prefers inline formatting of parameters. Parameter Description Type Status Articles' numbers articles If a certain group of articles in the law is being cited, insert the numbers of those articles here. Number optional number or usual name number or usual name The law number or the law's usual name. If you choose to insert ...
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There are numerous different portions of French legal code which can have long names, like the Code général des collectivités territoriales. To avoid having to have such a long name as a template parameter, this template uses a short token, like CGCT, for the 'base' parameter instead of the long name. This base token is shown in all caps in ...