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English: Various lens shapes, and the location of the principal planes.ʟ̩ <br'> Converging or positive lenses. 1 - Symmetrical double convex lens. 2 - Asymmetrical double-convex lens 3 - Plano- convex lens. 4 - Positive meniscus lens. Diverging or negative lenses.
A lens contained between two circular arcs of radius R, and centers at O 1 and O 2. In 2-dimensional geometry, a lens is a convex region bounded by two circular arcs joined to each other at their endpoints. In order for this shape to be convex, both arcs must bow outwards (convex-convex). This shape can be formed as the intersection of two ...
Various lens shapes, and the location of the principal planes. ʟ̩. Converging or positive lenses. 1 - Symmetrical double convex lens. 2 - Asymmetrical double-convex lens 3 - Plano- convex lens. 4 - Positive meniscus lens. Diverging or negative lenses. 5 - Symmetrical biconcave lens. 6 - Asymmetrical biconcave lens. 7 - Plano-concave lens.
An extended hemispherical lens is a special type of plano-convex lens, in which the lens's curved surface is a full hemisphere and the lens is much thicker than the radius of curvature. Another extreme case of a thick convex lens is a ball lens, whose shape is completely round. When used in novelty photography it is often called a "lensball".
An axicon is a specialized type of lens that has a conical surface. An axicon transforms a laser beam into a ring shaped distribution. [1] They can be convex or concave and be made of any optical material. The combination with other axicons or lenses allows a wide variety of beam patterns to be generated.
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Cylindrical lenses. A cylindrical lens is a lens which focuses light into a line instead of a point as a spherical lens would. The curved face or faces of a cylindrical lens are sections of a cylinder, and focus the image passing through it into a line parallel to intersection of the surface of the lens and a plane tangent to it along the cylinder's axis.
Toric lens surface as "cap" (top-right) from a torus (here with R = 1.2 r). A toric lens is a lens with different optical power and focal length in two orientations perpendicular to each other. One of the lens surfaces is shaped like a "cap" from a torus (see figure at right), and the other one is usually spherical.