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branch – commit –branch clone/open update N/A add rm/del mv/rename N/A merge commit revert Fossil's repository is single sqlite file itself N/A Git: init – init –bare clone – clone –bare fetch push branch checkout pull N/A add rm mv cp [then] git add [nb 67] merge commit reset –hard bundle rebase Mercurial: init clone pull push
To commit a change in git on the command line, assuming git is installed, the following command is run: [1] git commit -m 'commit message' This is also assuming that the files within the current directory have been staged as such: [2] git add . The above command adds all of the files in the working directory to be staged for the git commit.
Git comes with a Tcl/Tk GUI, which allows users to perform actions such as creating and amending commits, creating and merging branches, and interacting with remote repositories. [ 96 ] In addition to the official GUI, many 3rd party interfaces exist that provide similar features to the official GUI distributed with Git.
Working copies effectively function as remote backups, which avoids relying on one physical machine as a single point of failure. [5] Allows various development models to be used, such as using development branches or a Commander/Lieutenant model. [6] Permits centralized control of the "release version" of the project [citation needed]
Child branches are branches that have a parent; a branch without a parent is referred to as the trunk or the mainline. [1] The trunk is also sometimes loosely referred to as HEAD, but properly head refers not to a branch, but to the most recent commit on a given branch, and both the trunk and each named branch has its own head.
The packaging of commits, branches, and all the associated commit messages and version labels, improves communication between developers, both in the moment and over time. [21] Better communication, whether instant or deferred, can improve the code review process, the testing process, and other critical aspects of the software development process.
DSEE also introduced the "version spec," which was called a "thread." This was a list of possible versions that could be in the user environment or in a build. A major innovation was the use of build signatures and software release signatures in the thread. The items in a thread might thus be: Any copies reserved for editing (i.e. checked out)
For instance, a released version of the software project may form one branch, used for bug fixes, while a version under current development, with major changes and new features, can form a separate branch. CVS assumes that the majority of work takes place on the trunk, and that branches should generally be short-lived or historical.